Kusabereka kwechikafu chakabikwa mumagaba kunoreva mamiriro asina utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere uye tupukanana tusingatapukire tunogona kubereka muchikafu chakabikwa mumagaba mushure mekunge chikafu chakabikwa mumagaba charapwa nekupisa kwakadzikama, chinhu chakakosha kuti chikafu chakabikwa mumagaba chigare kwenguva refu zvichibva pakuona kuti chikafu chakachengeteka uye chine mhando. Kusabereka kwechikafu chakabikwa mumagaba mukuyedzwa kwetupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere mugaba kunoratidzwa nekusabereka kwechikafu, kusabereka chikafu, uye kusabereka chikafu chinogona kuwanda mumagaba patembiricha yemumba.
Kuti zviwanikwe zvinodiwa pakugadzira chikafu chakabikwa mumagaba, maitiro ekugadzira chikafu chakabikwa mumagaba anowanzo sanganisira maitiro akadai sekugadzirisa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kuchengetera chikafu mumagaba, kuvharira chikafu, kuibvisa kubva mugaba, uye kurongedza. Vagadziri vane tekinoroji yekugadzira yepamusoro uye zvinodiwa zvekudzora mhando yepamusoro vane maitiro akaomarara uye akakwana ekugadzira.
Tekinoroji yekuongorora kusabereka kwezvikafu zvemumagaba mukuongorora kwezvikafu zvemumagaba yave yakakwana, uye ongororo yemaitiro ayo chaiwo inobatsira pakushandiswa zviri nani kwetekinoroji iyi mumabasa anoshanda kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chikafu chemumagaba chakachengeteka. Maitiro chaiwo ekuongorora kusabereka kwezvikafu zvemumagaba mukuongorora kwezvikafu zvemumagaba ndeaya anotevera (mamwe masangano ekuongorora akaomarara echitatu anogona kunge aine zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuongorora):
1. Kukura kwemabhakitiriya mumagaba
Kukura kwemabhakitiriya ari mumagaba ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha mukuongorora kusabereka kwechikafu chemumagaba. Nekunyatsoongorora zviri mumagaba, uye kuongorora nekutarisa makoroni emabhakitiriya ari mumagaba, zvikamu zvemabhakitiriya zviri mumagaba zvinogona kuongororwa.
Utachiona hunowanzo konzera zvirwere mumagaba hunosanganisira asi hahugumiri kumabhakitiriya anodziya muviri, akadai seBacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus coagulans, Clostridium saccharolyticus, Clostridium niger, nezvimwewo; mabhakitiriya ane aerobic anodziya muviri, akadai sebotulinum toxin Clostridium, Clostridium spoilage, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium pasteurinum, nezvimwewo; mabhakitiriya ane aerobic anodziya muviri, akadai seBacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, nezvimwewo; Mabhakitiriya asingaburitse spores akadai seEscherichia coli, Streptococcus, yeast And mold, mold isingapisi nezvimwewo. Usati watanga kugadzira mabhakitiriya emagaba, iva nechokwadi chekuyera pH yegaba kuti usarudze nzvimbo yakakodzera.
2. Kutora sampuro dzezvinhu zvekuyedza
Nzira yekuyedza chikafu chemumagaba inowanzo shandiswa pakuyedza zvinhu zvechikafu chemumagaba. Pakuyedza chikafu chemumagaba akawanda, kuyera chikafu kunowanzo itwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita semugadziri, chiratidzo chekutengeserana, mhando, kwakabva chikafu chemumagaba kana nguva yekugadzira. Kune magaba asina kujairika akadai semagaba akaora, magaba akaora, maburi, uye kuzvimba mukutenderera kwevatengesi nedzimba dzekuchengetera zvinhu, kuyera chikafu kwakananga kunowanzo itwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Chinodiwa chikuru kuti kuyera chikafu chemumagaba kusarudze nzira yakakodzera yekuyedza zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kuitira kuti zvinhu zvekuyedza zviratidze mhando yechikafu chemumagaba.
3. Muenzaniso wekuchengetedza
Musati maisa sampuli, zvinodiwa kuita mabasa akadai sekuyera, kuchengetedza kudziya, uye kuvhura magaba. Yera huremu hwegaba zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nerudzi rwegaba, rinofanira kunge rakarurama kusvika 1g kana 2g. Pamwe chete nepH netembiricha, magaba anochengetwa patembiricha yakaenzana kwemazuva gumi; magaba ane mafuta kana kuti akadonhedza mvura panguva yekubikwa kwawo anofanira kusarudzwa nekukasika kuti aongororwe. Mushure mekunge maitiro ekuchengetedza kupisa apera, isai gaba patembiricha yemukamuri kuti muvhure zvisina utachiona. Mushure mekuvhura gaba, shandisai maturusi akakodzera kuti mutore 10-20 mg yezviri mukati pachine mamiriro ehutachiona, muise mugaba rakacheneswa, moiisa mufiriji.
4.Tsika yekudya ine acid shoma
Kurima chikafu chine acid shoma kunoda nzira dzakakosha: kurima brompotassium purple broth pa36 °C, kurima brompotassium purple broth pa55 °C, uye kurima nyama yakabikwa pakati pe36 °C. Mhedzisiro yacho inozorwa uye inosvibiswa, uye kuongororwa kwakanyatsojeka kunorongwa mushure mekuongororwa ne microscope, kuitira kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuyedza kwekuziva mhando dzebhakitiriya muzvikafu zvine acid shoma kwakarurama. Paunenge uchirima munzvimbo iyi, tarisa pakutarisa kugadzirwa kweacid uye kugadzirwa kwegasi kwemakoroni ari munzvimbo iyi, pamwe nechitarisiko neruvara rwemakoroni, kuitira kuti usimbise mhando chaiyo yebhakitiriya iri muchikafu.
5. Kuongororwa nemaikorosikopu
Kuongorora smear ne microscopic ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora hutachiona hwemagaba, izvo zvinoda kuti vaongorori vane ruzivo vapedzise. Munzvimbo isina utachiona, uchishandisa nzira yekurapa hutachiona, pukuta mvura yebhakitiriya yehutachiona huri mumagaba emvura yakakamurwa patembiricha yakaenzana, uye tarisa chitarisiko chehutachiona uchishandisa maikorosikopu ine simba guru, kuitira kuti uone mhando dzehutachiona huri mumvura yebhakitiriya. Kuongorora, uye kuronga danho rinotevera rekuongorora hutachiona uye kuzivikanwa kuti usimbise mhando yehutachiona huri mugaba. Danho iri rinoda hunhu hwepamusoro hwehunyanzvi hwevaongorori, uye ravewo chinobatanidza chinogona kuyedza ruzivo rwehunyanzvi nehunyanzvi hwevaongorori.
6. Kuedza kurima chikafu chine acidity ine pH iri pasi pe4.6
Pachikafu chine acidic ine pH yakaderera pane 4.6, bvunzo yebhakitiriya ine chepfu yekudya haichadiwi. Mukurima kwacho, kuwedzera pakushandisa muto une acidic senzira yekudyara, zvakakoshawo kushandisa muto we malt extract senzira yekudyara. Nekupukuta nekuongorora mabhakitiriya akakurira mumakoroni, mhando dzebhakitiriya dziri mumakotoni ane acid dzinogona kuonekwa, kuitira kuti pave nekuongorora kwakajeka uye kwechokwadi kwekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chemakotoni ane acid.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-10-2022