Commercial sterility yechikafu chemumagaba chinoreva nyika isina mbereko umo pasina pathogenic microorganisms uye non-pathogenic microorganisms inogona kuberekana muzvokudya zvemumagaba mushure mekunge chikafu chemumagaba chave nepakati kupisa sterilization kurapwa, chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa kuti chikafu chemumagaba chibudirire. hurefu hwesherufu pahwaro hwekuona kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kunaka. Kutengeswa kwekutengesa kwechikafu chemumagaba muchikafu chekuongorora hutachiona kunoratidzwa nekusabereka, hapana pathogenic microorganisms, uye hapana tupukanana tunokwanisa kuwanda mumagaba pane tembiricha.
Kuti uwane zvinogamuchirwa zvekutengesa sterility zviyero, maitiro ekugadzira chikafu chemumagaba anowanzo sanganisira maitirwo akadai sekugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, canning, kuisa chisimbiso, sterilization chaiyo, uye kurongedza. Vagadziri vane tekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzira uye yepamusoro yemhando yekudzora zvinodiwa vane yakanyanya kuomarara uye yakakwana maitiro ekugadzira.
Iyo tekinoroji yekuongorora sterility yekadhini yekuongorora mune chikafu che microbiological inspection yanga yakwana, uye kuongororwa kwemaitiro ayo chaiwo kunobatsira kushandisa zvirinani tekinoroji iyi mukuita mashandiro ekuona kuchengetedza chikafu chechikafu chemumagaba. Iyo chaiyo maitiro emumagaba yekutengesa sterility yekuongorora mune chikafu che microbiological inspection ndeiyi inotevera (mamwe akaomesesa echitatu-bato rekuongorora masangano anogona kunge aine zvimwe zvinhu zvekuongorora):
1. Canned bacteria tsika
Canned bhakitiriya tsika ndeimwe yemaitiro akakosha mukutengesa sterility yekuongorora chikafu chemumagaba. Nekugadzira zvine hunyanzvi zviri mukati memasamples emumagaba, uye kuongorora uye kutarisa mabhakitiriya akagadzirwa, zvikamu zvehutachiona muzvokudya zvemumagaba zvinogona kuongororwa.
Kazhinji pathogenic microorganisms mumakani anosanganisira asi haana kugumira kune thermophilic mabhakitiriya, akadai Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus coagulans, Clostridium saccharolyticus, Clostridium niger, nezvimwewo; mesophilic anaerobic mabhakitiriya, akadai se botulinum toxin Clostridium, Clostridium spoilage, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium pasteurianum, nezvimwewo; Mesophilic aerobic mabhakitiriya, akadai seBacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, nezvimwewo; Mabhakitiriya asina-spore-anogadzira akadai seEscherichia coli, Streptococcus, yeast Uye mold, mold inodzivirira kupisa uye zvichingodaro. Usati waita tsika yemabhakitiriya emumagaba, iva nechokwadi chekuyera pH yegaba kuitira kuti usarudze nzira yakakodzera.
2. Sampling yebvunzo zvinhu
Iyo sampling nzira inowanzo shandiswa kuita sampling yezvigadzirwa zvekuyedza zvechikafu chemumagaba. Paunenge uchiyedza mabheji makuru echikafu chemumagaba, sampling inowanzoitwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita semugadziri, mucherechedzo, mhando, sosi yechikafu chemumagaba kana nguva yekugadzira. Kumagaba asina kujairika akadai semagaba ane ngura, akacheneswa, mazino, uye kuzvimba mukutenderera kwevatengesi nematura, sampling chaiyo inowanzoitwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Icho chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa kuti sampling yezvigadzirwa zvekuyedza kusarudza nzira yakakodzera yesampling zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo, kuitira kuti uwane zvigadzirwa zvekuyedza zvinoratidza kunaka kwechikafu chemumagaba.
3. Chengetedza muenzaniso
Kusati kwachengetwa kwemuenzaniso, maoparesheni akadai sekuyeresa, kudziya, uye kuvhura magaba anodiwa. Weresa huremu hwemambure egaba zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nerudzi rwegaba, inoda kuve yakarurama kusvika 1g kana 2g. Yakasanganiswa nepH uye tembiricha, makoni anochengetwa pakupisa kwemazuva gumi; magaba anenge akafuta kana kubvinza panguva yekugadzira anofanirwa kutorwa nekukasika kuti aongororwe. Mushure mekunge maitiro ekuchengetedza kupisa apera, isa gaba patembiricha yekamuri yekuvhura aseptic. Mushure mekuvhura gaba, shandisa maturusi akakodzera kutora 10-20 mg yezvirimo pachine nguva isina hutachiona, woiendesa mumudziyo wakavharwa, woichengeta mufiriji.
4.Low acid chikafu tsika
Kurimwa kwezvokudya zvakaderera-asidhi kunoda nzira dzakakosha: kurimwa kwebrompotassium yepepuru muto pa36 °C, kurimwa kwebrompotassium yepepuru muto pa55 °C, uye kurimwa kwepakati nyama yakabikwa pa36 °C. Mhedzisiro yacho yakasvibiswa uye yakasvibiswa, uye kunyatsoongorora kunorongwa mushure mekuongororwa kwemicroscopic, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chekuyedza kwekuzivikanwa kwemhando yebhakitiriya mune yakaderera-asidhi chikafu. Paunenge uchigadzira mukati, tarisa pakuona kugadzirwa kweasidhi uye kugadzirwa kwegasi kweiyo microbial colonies pane yepakati, pamwe nekuonekwa uye ruvara rwemakoloni, kuitira kuti usimbise iwo chaiwo hutachiona mhando muchikafu.
5. Microscopic kuongorora
Microscopic smear bvunzo ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa yepakutanga yekuongorora nzira yekuongororwa sterility yemumagaba, inoda kuti vaongorori vane ruzivo vapedze. Munzvimbo isina hutachiona, uchishandisa aseptic oparesheni, smear iyo bhakitiriya mvura yezvipembenene zviri mumagaba samples akagadzirwa nekupisa kusingachinji pakati, uye tarisa kutaridzika kwebhakitiriya pasi peiyo-high-power microscope, kuitira kuti sarudza mhando dzema microorganisms mumvura yebhakitiriya. Kuongorora, uye kuronga nhanho inotevera yetsika yakanatswa uye chiziviso kuti uwedzere kusimbisa rudzi rwebhakitiriya riri mugaba. Iyi nhanho inoda yakanyanya hunyanzvi mhando yevaongorori, uye yavewo chinongedzo chinogona kuyedza zvakanyanya ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwevaongorori.
6. Kurimwa bvunzo yeacidic chikafu chine pH iri pasi pe4.6
Zvekudya zvine acidic zvine pH kukosha yakaderera pane 4.6, iyo chikafu chepfu bhakitiriya bvunzo kazhinji haichadikanwa. Mukuita kwekurima chaiko, pamusoro pekushandisa iyo acidic muto zvinhu sepakati, zvinodikanwawo kushandisa malt inobvisa muto sepakati pekurima. Nekuzora uye nekuongorora diki kweakasimirirwa mabhakitiriya makoroni, mhando dzemabhakitiriya mumagaba easidhi anogona kutariswa, kuitira kuti uwedzere kuita imwe chinangwa uye yechokwadi ongororo yekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu kwemagaba easidhi.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-10-2022