Sezvo munhu wese anoziva, sterilizer ivhavha yekumanikidza mudziyo, inowanzogadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina kana kabhoni simbi. MuChina, kune anenge 2.3 miriyoni yekumanikidza midziyo mubasa, pakati peiyo simbi corrosion inonyanya kuzivikanwa, iyo yakava chipingamupinyi chikuru uye kutadza maitiro kunokanganisa kushanda kwenguva refu kwakagadzikana kwemidziyo yekumanikidza. Semhando yekumanikidza ngarava, kugadzira, kushandisa, kugadzirisa uye kuongorora kweiyo sterilizer hakugone kufuratirwa. Nekuda kweiyo yakaoma corrosion chiitiko uye michina, mafomu uye maitiro esimbi corrosion akasiyana pasi pesimba rezvinhu, zvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekushushikana. Tevere, ngatitarisei mune akati wandei akajairwa kumanikidza mudziyo corrosion phenomena:
1.Comprehensive corrosion (inozivikanwawo seuniform corrosion), inova chiitiko chinokonzerwa nemakemikari corrosion kana electrochemical corrosion, svikiro rinopisa rinogona kusvika kumativi ose esimbi yesimbi zvakaenzana, kuitira kuti kuumbwa kwesimbi uye kurongeka zvive zvakafanana nemamiriro ezvinhu, the pese pese simbi inosviba pamwero wakafanana. Pamidziyo yesimbi isina tsvina, munzvimbo ine corrosion ine yakaderera PH kukosha, iyo passivation firimu inogona kurasikirwa nekudzivirira kwayo nekuda kwekuparara, uyezve ngura yakazara inoitika. Kungave kuri kukanganisa kwakazara kunokonzerwa nemakemikari corrosion kana electrochemical corrosion, chinhu chakajairika ndechekuti zvinonetsa kuumba inodzivirira passivation firimu pamusoro pechinhu panguva yekuora, uye zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvinogona kunyungudika mukati, kana gadzira yakasununguka porous oxide, iyo inowedzera kuita ngura. Kukuvadza kwekuora kwakazara hakugoni kuderedzwa: kutanga, kuchaita kuti kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo yekumanikidzika yemudziyo wekumanikidzika wekutakura chinhu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera perforation leakage, kana kunyange kuputika kana kuputika nekuda kwesimba risina kukwana; Chechipiri, mukuita kwe electrochemical comprehensive corrosion, H + kuderedza kuita kunowanzo kuperekedzwa, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvizadzwe nehydrogen, uye zvino kutungamira kune hydrogen embrittle uye mamwe matambudziko, chiri zvakare chikonzero nei michina ichida kubviswa. panguva yekugadzira welding.
2. Pitting inzvimbo yecorrosion chiitiko chinotangira pamusoro pesimbi uye chichiwedzera nechomukati kuita gomba diki rakaita ngura. Mune imwe nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza, mushure menguva yakati, maburi ega ega kana makomba anogona kuoneka pamusoro pesimbi, uye maburi aya acharamba achikura kusvika pakadzika nekufamba kwenguva. Kunyange zvazvo simbi yekutanga kurasikirwa nehuremu inogona kunge iri diki, nekuda kwekukurumidza mwero wekuora kwenzvimbo, midziyo uye pombi madziro zvinowanzopwanywa, zvichikonzera tsaona dzakangoerekana dzaitika. Zvakaoma kuongorora corrosion yegomba nekuti gomba regomba idiki muhukuru uye rinowanzo kuvharwa nezvigadzirwa zvekuora, saka zvinonetsa kuyera nekuenzanisa dhigirii regomba nehuwandu. Naizvozvo, gomba corrosion inogona kutorwa seimwe yeakanyanya kuparadza uye anonyengera mafomu ekuora.
3. Intergranular corrosion inzvimbo yekugara yakasvibiswa inoitika pamwe chete kana pedyo nemuganhu wezviyo, kunyanya nekuda kwekusiyana pakati pezviyo zvezviyo uye mukati memakemikari emukati, pamwe nekuvapo kwekusvibiswa kwemuganhu wezviyo kana kushungurudzika kwemukati. Kunyangwe iyo intergranular corrosion ingave isiri pachena padanho remacro, kana yangoitika, simba rezvinhu rinorasika kanenge pakarepo, kazhinji zvichitungamira kukundikana kamwe kamwe kwemidziyo pasina kunyeverwa. Zvakanyanya kuoma, intergranular corrosion inoshandurwa nyore nyore kuita intergranular stress corrosion cracking, inova iyo sosi yekushungurudzika ngura kutsemuka.
4. Gap corrosion ichiitiko chekuora chinoitika mumukana wakamanikana (hupamhi hunowanzova pakati pe 0.02-0.1mm) inoumbwa pamusoro pesimbi nekuda kwemitumbi yekunze kana zvikonzero zvemaitiro. Aya mapeji anoda kuve akatetepa zvakakwana kuti mvura ipinde mukati nekudzika, zvichipa mamiriro ekuti gap riparare. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, majoini eflange, nut compaction surface, lap joints, weld seams asina kusungwa nepakati, makatsemuka, mapores epamusoro, welding slag isina kucheneswa uye kuiswa pamusoro pesimbi pachikero, tsvina, zvichingodaro, zvinogona kuita mapundu, zvichikonzera gap corrosion. Iyi fomu yekuora kwenzvimbo yakajairika uye inoparadza zvakanyanya, uye inogona kukuvadza kutendeseka kwemakina ekubatanidza uye kusimba kwemidziyo, zvichikonzera kutadza kwemidziyo uye kunyangwe tsaona dzinoparadza. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira uye kutonga kwecrevice corrosion kwakakosha zvikuru, uye kugara uchigadzirisa midziyo uye kuchenesa kunodiwa.
5. Stress corrosion inotora 49% yemhando dzose dzehutu hwemidziyo yose, iyo inoratidzirwa ne synergistic effect ye directional stress uye corrosive medium, zvichiita kuti brittle cracking. Rudzi urwu rwekutsemuka runogona kukura kwete chete pamuganhu wezviyo, asiwo kuburikidza nezviyo pachazvo. Nekukura kwakadzika kwekutsemuka kusvika mukati mesimbi, kuchaita kuti kuderera kukuru kwesimba rechimiro chesimbi, uye kunyange kuita kuti midziyo yesimbi iparare kamwe kamwe pasina kunyeverwa. Naizvozvo, kushushikana kwe-corrosion-induced cracking (SCC) ine hunhu hwekukasira uye hwakasimba hunoparadza, kana mutswe wangoumbwa, kuwedzera kwayo kunokurumidza uye hapana yambiro yakakosha isati yakundikana, inova nzira inokuvadza kwazvo yekukundikana kwemidziyo. .
6. Chiitiko chekupedzisira chinowanzoita corrosion ndiyo kuneta kwehutu, iyo inoreva nzira yekukuvadza zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pezvinhu kusvikira kuputika pasi pechiito chakabatanidzwa chekuchinja kushushikana uye svikiro rinopisa. Iyo yakasanganiswa mhedzisiro yekuora uye zvinhu zvinochinjanisa dhizaini inoita kuti nguva yekutanga uye kutenderera nguva dzekuneta kutsemuka kupfupike zviri pachena, uye kukurumidza kupararira kwekuputika kunowedzera, izvo zvinoita kuti kupera kwekuneta kwezvinhu zvesimbi kuderedzwa zvakanyanya. Ichi chiitiko hachingokurumidzi kutadza kwekutanga kwekumanikidza kwemidziyo, asiwo kunoita kuti hupenyu hwebasa hwemudziyo wekumanikidza wakagadzirirwa maererano nemaitiro ekuneta zvakanyanya kuderera kupfuura zvinotarisirwa. Muchigadziro chekushandiswa, kuitira kudzivirira zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuora zvakadai sekuneta kuparara kwemidziyo yesimbi isina tsvina, matanho anotevera anofanira kutorwa: mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega kuti unyatsochenesa mukati me tangi ye sterilization, tangi yemvura inopisa nemimwe michina; Kana kuoma kwemvura kwakakwirira uye midziyo inoshandiswa kupfuura maawa masere pazuva, inocheneswa mwedzi mitatu yega yega.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-19-2024