China Consumer Daily yakashuma (mutori wenhau Li Jian) Vhura chivharo (bhegi), chagadzirira kudyiwa, chinonaka, uye chiri nyore kuchengeta. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, chikafu chemumagaba chave chinhu chaunofanira kuva nacho mumatoro edzimba dzakawanda. Zvakadaro, ichangoburwa online micro-survey yevatengi vanopfuura mazana maviri nemutori wenhau kubva kuChina Consumer News yakaratidza kuti nekuda kwekunetsekana kwekuti chikafu hachisi chitsva, chinofanira kunge chine mishonga inochengetedza yakawedzerwa, uye kurasikirwa nekudya kwakawanda, vanhu vazhinji vane ruzivo rwakakwana. maonero ezvokudya zvemumagaba. "Favorability" haina kunyanya kukwirira. Asi kusava nechokwadi uku kwakarurama here? Inzwa zvinotaurwa nenyanzvi dzezvekudya.
Zvigaba zvinyoro, wazvinzwa here?
Munguva yekushaikwa kwezvinhu, chikafu chemumagaba chaishandiswa kuve chikafu chakasiyana chizere ne "umbozha". Muzviyeuchidzo zvakawanda zvemashure-70s uye mushure-80s, chikafu chemumagaba chigadzirwa chinovaka muviri chinogona kudyiwa chete panguva yemitambo kana zvirwere.
Chikafu chemumagaba chaimbova chikafu chinonaka patafura inotunha yevanhuwo zvavo. Chinenge chikafu chipi zvacho chinogona kuiswa mumagaba. Zvinonzi kusarudzwa kwezvokudya zvekakani kwakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe hupfumi hwemabiko akazara eManchurian.
Nekudaro, kana maonero ako echikafu chemumagaba achiri pamwero wemichero, miriwo, hove uye nyama yakaputirwa mumagaba kana mabhodhoro egirazi, inogona kunge iri "yechinyakare".
"National Food Safety Standard yeCanned Food" inotsanangura zvakajeka chikafu chemumagaba sechikafu chisina kujairika chinogadzirwa kubva mumichero, miriwo, fungi inodyiwa, zvipfuyo uye nyama yehuku, mhuka dzemumvura, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogadziriswa kuburikidza nekutanga kurapwa, canning, kuiswa chisimbiso, kupisa sterilization uye mamwe maitiro. Zvokudya zvemumagaba zvine mabhakitiriya.
Mubatsiri Purofesa Wu Xiaomeng kubva kuChikoro cheSainzi yeChikafu neKunovaka Injiniya yeChina Agricultural University akatsanangura mubvunzurudzo nemutori wenhau kubva kuChina Consumer News kuti zvinoreva chikafu chemumagaba chinotanga kuiswa chisimbiso, uye chechipiri ndechekuwana kusashanda kwekutengesa. Kurongedza kwainoshandisa kunogona kunge kwakaomarara kurongedza kunomiririrwa nemagaba esimbi echinyakare kana magaba egirazi, kana kurongedza kuchinjika senge mabhegi ealuminium foil uye mabhegi ekupisa anopisa, ayo anowanzo kunzi zvinyoro zvemumagaba. Semuyenzaniso, mabhegi emuriwo mumasaga ealuminium foil mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuzvipisa zvekudya, kana zvakafanogadzirirwa tembiricha yekubikira mabhegi akadai seSichuan-flavored pork slices uye hove-flavored pork shreds, ese ari echikamu chechikafu chemumagaba.
Around 2000, sechikamu chekutanga maindasitiri muindasitiri yechikafu, chikafu chemumagaba chakazonyorwa zvishoma nezvishoma se "chisina hutano".
Muna 2003, runyoro rwe "Top Ten Junk Foods Published by WHO" (chikafu chemumagaba chakanyorwa) chaionekwa zvakanyanya sefiyuzi yekutonhora kwechikafu chemumagaba muvanhu. Kunyange zvazvo urongwa uhwu hwakanyeperwa zvizere, chikafu chemumagaba, kunyanya chinyakare "chikafu chakaoma chemumagaba" (chakaputirwa mumagaba esimbi kana egirazi), zvinoita sekunge zvakaoma kuvhura password yevanhu vekuChina.
Data inoratidza kuti kunyange zvazvo nyika yangu kugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvemumagaba kuri kutanga munyika, iyo per capita kudyiwa kwechikafu chemumagaba iri pasi pe8 kilogiramu, uye vanhu vazhinji vanodya isingasviki mabhokisi maviri pagore.
Kudya chikafu chemumagaba chakaenzana nekudya zvinodzivirira? Iyi micro-survey inoratidza kuti 69.68% yevakabvunzwa havawanzotenga chikafu chemumagaba, uye 21.72% yevakabvunzwa vanongotenga apo neapo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyange zvazvo 57.92% yevakabvunzwa vanotenda kuti chikafu chemumagaba chiri nyore kuchengeta uye chakakodzera kuchengetwa kumba, 32.58% yevakabvunzwa vachiri kutenda kuti chikafu chemumagaba chine hupenyu hurefu uye inofanira kuva nemishonga yakawanda.
Muchokwadi, chikafu chemumagaba ndechimwe chezvishoma zvekudya izvo zvinoda kwete kana zvishoma zvinodzivirira.
The "National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives" inotaura kuti kuwedzera kune bayberry yemumagaba (propionic acid nemunyu wayo wesodium uye calcium inobvumirwa kuwedzerwa, huwandu hwekushandisa hunoita 50 g / kg), mashizha emushenje wemumagaba, sauerkraut, fungi inodyiwa uye nzungu (inobvumirwa kuwedzera Sulfur dioxide, iyo yakanyanya kushandiswa yakawanda ndeye 0.5 g / kg), nyama yemumagaba (nitrite inobvumirwa, iyo yakanyanya kushandiswa yakawanda ndeye 0.15 g / kg), idzi 6 marudzi ezvokudya zvekakani zvinoda zvikuru. madhasi mashoma ekuchengetedza kubata neakananga ma microorganisms, uye mamwe ese haagone kuwedzerwa. kuchengetedza.
Saka, chii chinonzi "zera rechando" chezvokudya zvemumagaba zvinowanzochengetwa kwegore 1 kusvika ku3 kana kunyange kureba patembiricha yemumba?
Wu Xiaomeng akaudza mutori wenhau we "China Consumer News" kuti chikafu chemumagaba chinodzivirirwa nenzira mbiri dzetekinoroji yekudzivirira uye kuchengetedza yakavharwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuparara kwezvokudya kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwakadai sebhakitiriya uye molds. Kugadzira chikafu chemumagaba kuburikidza nenzira dzekuita sterilization senge tembiricha yakanyanya uye kudzvanywa kwepamusoro kunogona kukonzera huwandu hukuru hweaya ma microorganisms kufa. Panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro akadai sekupedza uye kuisa chisimbiso anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwezvokudya. Iyo okisijeni iri mumudziyo inodzikamisa kukura kwehumwe tupukanana tungangoita mugaba, uye inovhara nzira yeokisijeni kana tupukanana kunze kwemudziyo mumudziyo, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira chikafu, matekinoroji matsva akadai seanodzorwa mumhepo sterilization uye microwave sterilization ane nguva pfupi yekupisa, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, uye kunyatsoita sterilization.
Nokudaro, hazvidikanwi kunetseka pamusoro pezvichengetedza zvakawanda muzvigadzirwa zvemakani. Iyo "sainzi yakakurumbira" paInternet yekuti "kudya chikafu chemumagaba kunenge kuenzana nekudya zvinochengetedza" inotyisa zvachose.
Zvokudya zvomumagaba zvasakara uye zvine utano here?
Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti pamusoro pekunetsekana nezvezvidziviriro, 24.43% yevakapindura vakatenda kuti chikafu chemumagaba chaive chisiri chitsva. Pakati pevanopfuura 150 vakapindura avo "vasingawanzotenga" uye "kusambotenga" chikafu chemumagaba, 77.62% yevakapindura vanotenda kuti chikafu chemumagaba hachisi chitsva.
Kunyange hazvo vamwe vatengi vatanga kufunga nezvekusarudza chikafu chemumagaba chiri nyore kuchengetedza nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekudzivirira uye kudzora denda uye kuunganidza kumba, izvi hazvina kuchinja maonero evanhu nezve "staleness" yacho.
Muchokwadi, kubuda kwekadhini yekugadzirisa tekinoroji ndiko kuchengetedza chikafu chitsva.
Wu Xiaomeng akatsanangura kuti chikafu chakaita senyama nehove zvinokurumidza kukanganisa kana zvikasagadziriswa nenguva. Kana miriwo nemichero zvikasagadziriswa nenguva mushure mekutorwa, chikafu chinoramba chichirasika. Naizvozvo, mamwe mabhureki ane yakaringana yekugovera cheni anowanzo sarudza nguva yekukura neyakakura kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa uye oita kuti ive nyowani, uye iyo yese yekusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye kugadzirisa kunotora isingasviki maawa gumi. Hapasisina kurasikirwa kwehukafu kupfuura nzira itsva inotorwa kubva mukunhonga, kutakura, kutengesa, uyezve kufiriji yemutengi.
Ehe, mamwe mavhitamini ane yakaderera kupisa kushivirira anorasikirwa nekupisa kwawo panguva yekugadzira, asi yakawanda inovaka muviri inochengetwa. Kurasikirwa uku hakunawo kudarika kurasikirwa kwekudya kubva kumiriwo yakabikwa kumba kwemazuva ose.
Dzimwe nguva, zvikafu zvemumagaba zvinogona kubatsira pakuchengetedza vhitamini. Semuenzaniso, matomatisi emumagaba, kunyange akavharwa, akawanda evhitamini C arimo achiripo paanobva mufekitari, uye haana kugadzikana. Mumwe muenzaniso ihove dzomumagaba. Mushure mekupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya, kwete chete nyama nemapfupa ehove zviri zvinyoro, asiwo yakawanda ye calcium inonyungudika. Iyo calcium yemukati yebhokisi rehove dzemumagaba inogona kutokwira ka10 kupfuura yehove nyowani dzehuremu hwakafanana. Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium uye mamwe maminerari muhove haazorasikirwi.
Sei zvisingakwanisi "mafuta" chikafu chemumagaba
Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vatengi vaende kuzvitoro zvikuru kana masupamaketi kuti vatenge zvigadzirwa kubva kuvagadziri venguva dzose, uye vatonge kunaka kwechikafu chemumagaba kubva pazvimiro zvechitarisiko, kurongedza, hunhu hwekunzwa, kunyora, uye chiratidzo.
Wu Xiaomeng akayeuchidza kuti magaba emagaba esimbi akajairwa anofanirwa kuve nechimiro chakazara, pasina deformation, hapana kukuvara, pasina ngura, uye chivharo chepasi chinofanira kunge chakavharika mukati; pakati pechifukidziro chesimbi chegirazi bhodhoro makeni inofanira kuora mwoyo zvishoma, uye zviri mukati zvinofanira kuonekwa kuburikidza nemuviri webhodhoro. Chimiro chinofanira kunge chakakwana, muto wakajeka, uye hapana tsvina.
Chiyeuchidzo chakakosha ndechekuti kana ukasangana nemamiriro anotevera, zvisinei kuti zvinoedza sei zviri mukati megaba, usazvidya.
Imwe yakakaniwa "mafuta ekuteerera", ndiko kuti, tangi yekuwedzera. Chikonzero chikuru chekuwedzera kwegaba ndechekuti mukati megaba rakasvibiswa nema microorganisms uye rinogadzira gasi. Aya magasi anounganidza kune imwe nhanho, izvo zvinozotungamira kune deformation yegaba. Nokudaro, zvokudya zvekakani "zvinowedzera uremu", mureza wakajeka wakatsvuka kuti wakashata.
Chechipiri, kurongedza kwemumagaba kuri kubuda uye kuumbwa. Mukuita kwekuchengetedza uye kutakura zvigadzirwa zvemumagaba, nekuda kwemapumbu uye zvimwe zvikonzero, iyo chigadzirwa kurongedza ichave yakaremara, uye mhepo inodonha pachisimbiso chechivharo chegaba. Kudonha kwemhepo kunoita kuti zvigadzirwa zviri mugaba zvibatane nenyika yekunze, uye tupukanana twunogona kutora mukana wekupinda.
Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti 93.21% yevakabvunzwa vaive nesarudzo yakanaka pane izvi. Zvisinei, vanenge 7% yevakapindura vakatenda kuti mabhupu akakonzerwa panguva yekufambisa akanga asiri dambudziko guru, uye akasarudza kutenga nekudya.
Wu Xiaomeng akayeuchidza kuti nyama zhinji dzemumagaba uye michero nemiriwo hazvina kunyanya kurema, uye zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzvidye panguva imwechete mushure mekuvhura. Kana iwe usingakwanisi kuipedza, unofanira kuidururira mune enamel, ceramic kana purasitiki yezvokudya, kuisa chisimbiso nemapuranga epurasitiki, kuichengeta mufiriji, uye kuidya nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Kana iri muto weshuga yemumagaba uye jamu, zvirimo zveshuga zvinowanzoita 40% -65%. Zvichienderana, hazvisi nyore kushata mushure mekuvhurwa, asi hazvifanirwe kunge zvisina hanya. Kana usingakwanisi kuidya yose panguva imwe chete, unofanira kuvhara chirongo, kana kuidururira mune imwe mudziyo woinama nepurasitiki, woichengeta mufiriji, woedza kuidya mukati memazuva maviri kana matatu. Mumatsutso uye munguva yechando, inogona kuchengetwa kwemazuva mashoma.
Related Links: Commercial Aseptic
Zvokudya zvemumagaba hazvina utachiona zvachose, asi hazvina kutengeswa. Commercial sterility inoreva nyika umo chikafu chemumagaba, mushure mekupisa kwakadzikama sterilization, haina pathogenic microorganisms, uye haina-pathogenic microorganisms inogona kuwanda mairi panguva yekushisa. Munzvimbo yekutengesa aseptic, chikafu chemumagaba chinogona kuvimbiswa kuve chakachengeteka kudyiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-04-2023