China Consumer Daily yakashuma (mutori wenhau Li Jian) Vhura chivharo (bhegi), chagadzirira kudyiwa, chinonaka, uye chiri nyore kuchengeta. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, chikafu chemumagaba chave chinhu chinodiwa mumabhuku ezvekudya zvemhuri dzakawanda. Zvisinei, ongororo yepamhepo yevatengi vanopfuura 200 yakaitwa nemutori wenhau weChina Consumer News yakaratidza kuti nekuda kwekunetseka kuti chikafu hachina kutsva, chinofanira kunge chine mishonga yakawanda yekuchengetedza, uye kurasikirwa nekudya kwakawanda, vanhu vazhinji vane maonero akazara ezvekudya zvemumagaba. "Kufarirwa" hakusi kwakanyanya. Asi kusava nechokwadi uku kwakarurama here? Inzwa zvinotaurwa nenyanzvi dzesainzi yezvekudya.
Makani akapfava, wakambozvinzwa here?
Munguva yekushaikwa kwezvinhu, chikafu chemumagaba chaimbova nekuravira kwakasiyana kuzere ne "umbozha". Mukurangarira kwakawanda kwema70s nema80s, chikafu chemumagaba chigadzirwa chinovaka muviri chinogona kudyiwa chete panguva yemitambo kana kurwara.
Chikafu chakabikwa mumagaba chaimbove chikafu chinonaka patafura inofinha yevanhuwo zvavo. Chinenge chikafu chipi zvacho chinogona kuiswa mumagaba. Zvinonzi kusarudzwa kwechikafu chakabikwa mumagaba kwakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe kupfuma kwemutambo wakazara weManchurian.
Zvisinei, kana maonero ako nezvechikafu chemumagaba achiri padanho remichero, miriwo, hove nenyama zvakaputirwa mumagaba esimbi kana mabhodhoro egirazi, zvinogona kunge "zvisisina nguva".
"National Food Safety Standard for Canned Food" inotsanangura zvakajeka chikafu chemumagaba sechikafu chisiri chepamutemo chinotengeswa chinogadzirwa nemichero, miriwo, howa dzinodyiwa, nyama yezvipfuyo nehuku, mhuka dzemumvura, nezvimwewo, zvinogadziriswa kuburikidza nekurapwa, kuchengetwa mumagaba, kuvharwa, kupiswa nekupiswa uye mamwe maitiro. Chikafu chemumagaba chine mabhakitiriya.
Purofesa Wu Xiaomeng anobva kuChikoro cheSainzi yeZvekudya neUinjiniya hweZvekudya zveChina Agricultural University akatsanangura muhurukuro nemutori wenhau weChina Consumer News kuti zvinoreva chikafu chemumagaba kutanga chakavharwa, uye chechipiri ndechekuwana kusabereka kwekutengesa. Kurongedza kwaanoshandisa kunogona kunge kuri kurongedza kwakasimba kunomiririrwa nemagaba esimbi echinyakare kana magaba egirazi, kana kurongedza kunochinjika senge mabhegi efoyira yealuminium nemabhegi ekubikira anodziya zvakanyanya, ayo anowanzonzi chikafu chemumagaba chakapfava. Semuenzaniso, mabhegi emiriwo ari mumabhegi efoyira yealuminium muzvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodziya, kana mabhegi ekubikira anogadzirwa nekupisa kwakajairika akadai sezvidimbu zvenguruve zvine flavour yeSichuan uye zvidimbu zvenguruve zvine flavour yehove, zvese zviri muchikamu chechikafu chemumagaba.
Munenge mugore ra2000, sechikamu chekutanga cheindasitiri yezvekudya, chikafu chemumagaba chakatanga kunzi "hachina hutano".
Muna 2003, runyorwa rwe "Top Gumi Junk Foods Published by WHO" (chikafu chemumagaba chakanyorwa) rwaionekwa zvakanyanya senzira yekutonhora kwechikafu chemumagaba muvanhu. Kunyangwe runyorwa urwu rwakanga rwakanyorwa nhema zvachose, chikafu chemumagaba, kunyanya "chikafu chemumagaba chakaoma" chetsika (chakaiswa mumidziyo yesimbi kana yegirazi), chinoita sechakaoma kuvhura password yevanhu vekuChina.
Ruzivo runoratidza kuti kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwechikafu chemumagaba munyika yangu kuri pamusoro pasi rose, kudyiwa kwechikafu chemumagaba pamunhu wega wega kuri pasi pemakirogiramu masere, uye vanhu vazhinji vanodya mabhokisi asingasviki maviri pagore.
Kudya chikafu chemumagaba kwakaenzana nekudya mishonga yekuchengetedza? Ongororo iyi inoratidza kuti 69.68% yevakabvunzwa havawanzotenga chikafu chemumagaba, uye 21.72% yevakabvunzwa vanongotenga dzimwe nguva. Panguva imwe chete, kunyange hazvo 57.92% yevakabvunzwa vachitenda kuti chikafu chemumagaba chiri nyore kuchengeta uye chakakodzera kuchengetwa kumba, 32.58% yevakabvunzwa vachiri kutenda kuti chikafu chemumagaba chinogara kwenguva refu uye chinofanira kunge chine mishonga yekuchengetedza yakawanda.
Kutaura zvazviri, chikafu chemumagaba ndechimwe chezvikafu zvishoma zvisingade kana kuti zvisingade mishonga inochengetedza zvakanyanya.
"National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives" inotaura kuti pamusoro pebayberry yemumagaba (propionic acid nesodium necalcium salts zvinotenderwa kuwedzerwa, huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushandiswa i50 g/kg), mapuranga ebamboo emumagaba, sauerkraut, fungi dzinodyiwa nenzungu (dzinotenderwa kuwedzera Sulfur dioxide, huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushandiswa i0.5 g/kg), nyama yemumagaba (nitrite inotenderwa, huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushandiswa i0.15 g/kg), idzi mhando nhanhatu dzechikafu chemumagaba dzinoda mishonga yekuchengetedza yakaderera kwazvo kuti dzibate tupukanana twakasiyana, uye zvimwe hazvigone kuwedzerwa mishonga yekuchengetedza.
Saka, chii chinonzi "nguva yechando" yechikafu chemumagaba chinowanzo chengetwa kwegore rimwe kusvika matatu kana kupfuura patembiricha yemumba?
Wu Xiaomeng akaudza mutori wenhau we "China Consumer News" kuti chikafu chemumagaba chinodzivirirwa nenzira mbiri dzehunyanzvi hwekubvisa utachiona uye kuchengetwa kwakavharwa. Kazhinji, kuora kwechikafu kunokanganiswa netupukanana twakadai semabhakitiriya nefungus. Kugadzira chikafu chemumagaba nenzira dzekubvisa utachiona dzakadai sekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwetupukanana utwu hufe. Panguva imwe chete, maitiro akadai sekubuda kwemhepo nekusunga chikafu anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwechikafu. Okisijeni iri mugaba inomisa kukura kwetupukanana twaigona kunge turi mugaba, uye inovhara kupfuura kweokisijeni kana tupukanana kunze kwegaba kupinda mugaba, zvichiita kuti chikafu chive chakachengeteka. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira chikafu, matekinoroji matsva akadai sekubvisa utachiona mumhepo yakadzorwa uye kubvisa utachiona mu microwave ane nguva shoma yekupisa, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, uye kubvisa utachiona zviri nani.
Saka, hazvidikanwi kunetseka nezvezvinhu zvakawanda zvinochengetedza muzvigadzirwa zvemumagaba. "Sainzi yakakurumbira" paInternet yekuti "kudya chikafu chemumagaba kwakaenzana nekudya zvinhu zvinochengetedza" inotyisa chose.
Chikafu chemumagaba chakasakara uye chine hutano here?
Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti pamusoro pekunetseka nezvezvinochengetedza, 24.43% yevakabvunzwa vaidavira kuti chikafu chemumagaba chakanga chisiri chitsva. Pakati pevakabvunzwa vanopfuura 150 "vasingawanzotenga" uye "vasingambotenge" chikafu chemumagaba, 77.62% yevakabvunzwa vanotenda kuti chikafu chemumagaba hachisi chitsva.
Kunyange hazvo vamwe vatengi vatanga kufunga nezvekusarudza chikafu chemumagaba chiri nyore kuchengetedza nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekudzivirira nekudzivirira denda uye kuchengeta chikafu mudzimba, izvi hazvina kuchinja maonero evanhu ekuti "hachina kusimba".
Kutaura zvazviri, kubuda kwetekinoroji yekugadzira zvinhu mumagaba ndiko kuchengetedza chikafu chiri chitsva.
Wu Xiaomeng akatsanangura kuti chikafu chakadai senyama nehove chichakurumidza kuora kana chikasagadziriswa nenguva. Kana miriwo nemichero zvikasagadziriswa nenguva mushure mekutorwa, zvinovaka muviri zvinoramba zvichirasika. Nokudaro, mamwe marudzi ane cheni yakakwana yekugovera anowanzo sarudza nguva yekukura ine kugadzirwa kukuru kwezvinhu uye anozviita zvitsva, uye nzira yese yekusarudza zvinhu nekugadzira inotora maawa asingasviki gumi. Hapana kurasikirwa kwezvinovaka muviri kupfuura nzira iyo zvinhu zvitsva zvinotorwa kubva pakutora, kutakura, kutengesa, uye wozoenda kufiriji yemutengi.
Ehe, mamwe mavhitamini asingashiviriri kupisa zvakanyanya anorasikirwa nekupisa kwawo panguva yekuiswa mumagaba, asi zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda zvinochengetwa. Kurasikirwa uku hakusi kupfuura kurasikirwa nezvinovaka muviri kubva mumiriwo inobikwa pamba mazuva ese.
Dzimwe nguva, zvekudya zvemumagaba zvinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mavhitamini. Semuenzaniso, matomatisi emumagaba, kunyangwe akacheneswa, huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini C huchiripo paanobva kufekitori, uye hahuna kugadzikana. Mumwe muenzaniso ihove dzemumagaba. Mushure mekudziya zvakanyanya uye kupiswa kwakanyanya, nyama nemapfupa ehove hazvingove zvakapfava chete, asiwo huwandu hwakawanda hwecalcium hunonyungudika. Calcium iri mubhokisi rehove dzemumagaba inogona kutove yakapetwa kagumi kupfuura yehove itsva dzine huremu hwakaenzana. Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium nezvimwe zvicherwa muhove hazvizorasikirwi.
Sei chikafu chemumagaba chisingakwanise "kukora"
Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vatengi vaende kuzvitoro zvikuru kana masupamaketi kunotenga zvigadzirwa kubva kuvagadziri venguva dzose, uye voongorora mhando yechikafu chakabikwa mumagaba kubva pakuonekwa, kurongedza, kunaka kwemanzwiro, mazita, uye kunyorwa kwechiratidzo.
Wu Xiaomeng akayeuchidza kuti magaba emagaba esimbi akajairika anofanira kunge aine chimiro chakakwana, asina kuchinja, asina kukuvara, asina mavanga engura, uye chifukidziro chepasi chinofanira kunge chakakombama mukati; pakati pechifukidziro chesimbi chemagaba egirazi emabhodhoro chinofanira kunge chakaderedzwa zvishoma, uye zviri mukati zvinofanira kutariswa nemuviri webhodhoro. Chimiro chinofanira kunge chakakwana, muto wacho wakajeka, uye hapana tsvina.
Chiyeuchidzo chakakosha ndechekuti kana ukasangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera, zvisinei nekuti zviri mugaba racho zvinokwezva sei, usazvidye.
Imwe yacho i "fat listening" yemumagaba, kureva tangi rekuwedzera. Chikonzero chikuru chekukura kwegaba ndechekuti mukati megaba mune utachiona uye munogadzira gasi. Magasi aya anoungana kusvika pamwero wakati, izvo zvinozoita kuti gaba riite serakashanduka. Saka, chikafu chemumagaba chiri "kuwedzera huremu", chiratidzo chekuti chaipa.
Chechipiri, kurongedza mugaba kuri kudonha uye kwakaoma. Munguva yekuchengetedza nekutakura zvigadzirwa zvemugaba, nekuda kwezviputi nezvimwe zvikonzero, kurongedza kwezvigadzirwa kuchave kwakashata, uye mhepo inobuda pavhara regaba. Kubuda kwemhepo kunoita kuti zvigadzirwa zviri mugaba zvibatane nenyika yekunze, uye tupukanana tunogona kushandisa mukana wekupinda.
Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti 93.21% yevanhu vakapindura vaiva nesarudzo chaiyo panyaya iyi. Zvisinei, vanhu vanosvika 7% vakapindura vaifunga kuti mabundu anokonzerwa nekufamba akanga asiri dambudziko guru, saka vakasarudza kutenga nekudya.
Wu Xiaomeng akayeuchidza kuti nyama zhinji dzemumagaba nemichero nemiriwo hazvina kuoma zvakanyanya, uye zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzvidye kamwe chete mushure mekuvhura. Kana usingakwanise kuipedza, unofanira kuidururira mumudziyo wekudya weenamel, ceramic kana plastic, woivhara nepurasitiki, woichengeta mufiriji, woidya nekukurumidza.
Kana iri muto weshuga yakakangwa nejamu, huwandu hweshuga hunowanzova 40%-65%. Zvichitaurwa, hazvisi nyore kuora mushure mekuvhurwa, asi hazvifanirwe kungwarira. Kana usingakwanise kuidya yese panguva imwe chete, unofanira kuifukidza, kana kuidururira mune imwe mudziyo woivhara nepurasitiki, wozoichengeta mufiriji, woedza kuidya mukati memazuva maviri kana matatu. Mumatsutso nemuchando, inogona kuchengetwa kwemazuva mashoma.
Zvinongedzo Zvakafanana: Commercial Aseptic
Zvikafu zviri mumagaba hazvina utachiona zvachose, asi hazvina utachiona hwekutengeserana. Kusabereka kwezvekutengeserana zvinoreva mamiriro ekuti chikafu chiri mumagaba, mushure mekupiswa zvine mwero, hachina utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere, uye hachina utachiona husingatapukire hunogona kuwanda machiri patembiricha dzakajairika. Mumamiriro ekusabereka kwezvekudya, chikafu chiri mumagaba chinogona kuvimbiswa kuti chakachengeteka kudyiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-04-2023